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Correlation Heatmap Done Right

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Avoid misleading heatmaps.

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Help me build a correlation heatmap that doesn't mislead. Variables and types: [VARIABLES]. Sample size and missing data: [SAMPLE_MISSING]. Purpose: [PURPOSE].

Explain which correlation measure suits each variable type, how missing data is handled, and why a correlation matrix may hide non-linear relationships and outliers. Provide code to compute the matrix, order variables by clustering, mask the upper triangle, annotate values, and use a diverging colour map centred at zero. Include a companion scatterplot matrix for the strongest pairs. Add a caution about causation and multiple comparisons and a checklist for reporting. Suggest confidence intervals for key pairs.

Add a worked example with five invented variables and the matrix it might produce, showing how one outlier can create a strong correlation, and a rank correlation comparison. Include a paragraph for reporting the matrix honestly, naming the sample size, the measure and the handling of missing data.

Also add a two-sentence template for describing the strongest and weakest relationships in a report without implying cause.

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